vibra cell vc 505, by Sonics - Product details - Pubcompare (2025)

1

Ure2 Protein Aggregation and Co-fibrillation

To initiate co-fibrillation, i.e. simultaneous aggregation of functional and non-functional Ure2 seeds were created through sonication of soluble, non-functional Ure2. A Protein LoBind microcentrifuge tube (Eppendorf) containing 18 μM Ure2 (500 μl) in buffer FB (10 mM KP_i, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) was stored on ice and was subjected to repeated cycles of ultrasound (2 s on, 8 s off, 20% amplitude, total time 90 s) using a Vibra Cell VC 505 (Sonics) combined with a stepped microtip. A small aliquot of these initial fibril seeds was immediately transferred to a mixture containing 14 μM Ure2 and 20–500 nM TEM1-Ure2, yielding a final seed concentration of 12% (v/v). The corresponding molar ratio of TEM1-Ure2 over Ure2 in these samples was equal to 1x10^-3:1 to 30x10^-3:1. After the fibrillation proceeded for at least 2h at ambient temperature, the completeness of the fibril assembly was verified. Insoluble material was sedimented at 17,000 x g for 15 minutes in a Heraeus Pico 17 Table Top (Thermo Scientific). The confirmation relied on the absence of TEM1 activity of the supernatant, which was measured as described below using a 100-fold dilution of the supernatant and a final ampicillin concentration of 250 μM.

Schmuck B., Sandgren M, & Härd T. (2018). The kinetics of TEM1 antibiotic degrading enzymes that are displayed on Ure2 protein nanofibrils in a flow reactor. PLoS ONE, 13(4), e0196250.

2

Dispersion and Stability of Palygorskite Suspensions

First, aqueous suspensions of 1.0 wt % of palygorskite were prepared at room temperature by adding the desired amount of clay powder into distilled water and stirring at 200 rpm using a magnetic stirrer. After this, the chemical dispersant was added at a concentration of 0.1 wt.%, under constant mixing. For comparison, experiments were also performed without the addition of chemical dispersant. Then, the suspensions were submitted to different mixing systems, namely, a magnetic stirrer at 300 rpm for 20 min, a high-shear disperser (Dispermat CV3-PLUS-E, VMA-Getzman GmbH, Reichshof, Germany) at 5000 rpm for 15 min, or an ultrasound probe (Vibra-cell VC 505, Sonics, Newtown, CT, USA) working at 60% amplitude and 1 s pulse, for 10 min. For some of the experiments, the pH of the suspension was adjusted to either 3 (using HCl 1 M) or to 12 (using NaOH 1 M); the other experiments were performed without any pH adjustment (pH of original clay is ca. 8). Then, the suspensions were left to stabilize for particle size determination, zeta potential measurements, and microscopic analysis. The suspension stability was evaluated for a period of 20 days.

Ferraz E., Alves L., Sanguino P., Santarén J., Rasteiro M.G, & Gamelas J.A. (2020). Stabilization of Palygorskite Aqueous Suspensions Using Bio-Based and Synthetic Polyelectrolytes. Polymers, 13(1), 129.

3

Ultrasonic Treatment of Cellulose Suspensions

Vizireanu S., Panaitescu D.M., Nicolae C.A., Frone A.N., Chiulan I., Ionita M.D., Satulu V., Carpen L.G., Petrescu S., Birjega R, & Dinescu G. (2018). Cellulose defibrillation and functionalization by plasma in liquid treatment. Scientific Reports, 8, 15473.

4

Synthesis of Pd/C Electrocatalyst by Sodium Formate Reduction

The Pd/C catalyst was prepared by the sodium formate reduction method. In a typical procedure for preparing 100 mg of 20 wt% Pd/C, 100 mL of a 0.01 mol L^–1 sodium formate solution was prepared. The pH of the solution was increased to 13 by the addition of some droplets of a 4 mol L^–1 NaOH solution. Next, 80 mg of carbon was added and sonicated for 30 min with the aid of an ultrasonic tip (Sonics Vibra-Cell VC 505, Biovera, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Afterwards, the reaction mixture was poured into a jacketed reactor and heated to 80 °C in a thermostatic bath. In parallel, 55.3 mg of Na₂PdCl₄ was dissolved in 8 mL of water in an ultrasonic bath. The Na₂PdCl₄ solution was divided into three portions of the same volume and added dropwise with the aid of a burette. After completing the addition of the Pd solution, the temperature was maintained at 80 °C for 1 h and the system maintained under stirring for 12 h. The Pd/C electrocatalyst was then filtered, washed thoroughly with boiling water, and left to dry at 70 °C for 12 h. The obtained material was then ground to obtain a fine powder and stored under inert atmosphere for future use.

Amorim F.M., Crisafulli R, & Linares J.J. (2022). An Alkaline-Acid Glycerol Electrochemical Reformer for Simultaneous Production of Hydrogen and Electricity. Nanomaterials, 12(8), 1315.

5

Parasite Homogenization and Protein Quantification

The CWAs were prepared according to a protocol previously described by Adisakwattana et al. [10 (link)]. The parasite specimen was homogenized with lysis buffer containing 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2), 10 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% Triton X-100, 10 mM EDTA, and 1 mM PMSF (P-7626, Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.) using a glass tissue homogenizer. The mixture was then sonicated at 20% amplitude for 5 min in an ice bath with a 15 s pulse on and 15 s pulse off, using an ultrasonic processor, the Vibra cell™ VC-505 (Sonics & Materials Inc., Newtown, USA). Subsequently, the suspension was centrifuged at 5000 g for 20 min at 4°C to remove insoluble materials. Finally, the supernatant was collected and measured for protein concentration using the Bradford protein assay [11 ] with Bio-Rad protein assay reagent kits (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Hercules, USA). Bovine serum albumin was used as a standard.

Soe B.K., Adisakwattana P., Reamtong O., Anuracpreeda P, & Sukhumavasi W. (2022). A first attempt at determining the antibody-specific pattern of Platynosomum fastosum crude antigen and identification of immunoreactive proteins for immunodiagnosis of feline platynosomiasis. Veterinary World, 15(8), 2029-2038.

6

Preparation of MWNT Dispersions with AP-LYS

Siepi M., Donadio G., Dardano P., De Stefano L., Monti D.M, & Notomista E. (2019). Denatured lysozyme-coated carbon nanotubes: a versatile biohybrid material. Scientific Reports, 9, 16643.

7

Liquid Exfoliation of Graphite Intercalates

MLGs are produced by liquid phase exfoliation of thermally-expanded graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) provided by Graftech Inc. (Parma, OH, USA) as described elsewhere [28 (link)]. The intercalated precursor is expanded at 1150 °C for 5 s in a muffle furnace, forming a worm-like expanded graphite (WEG), which is dispersed in acetone. The obtained suspension is sonicated using an ultrasonic probe (Vibracell VC 505, Sonics & Materials Inc., Newtown, CT, USA) operating at 20 kHz with an amplitude of 70% for 20 min, set in pulse mode (1 s on and 1 s off), at the constant temperature of 15 °C. The probe tip was immersed at a fixed depth from the suspension free surface of ∼2.5 cm.

Acquarelli C., Paliotta L., Tamburrano A., De Bellis G, & Sarto M.S. (2016). Electro-Mechanical Properties of Multilayer Graphene-Based Polymeric Composite Obtained through a Capillary Rise Method. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 16(11), 1780.

8

Isolation and Characterization of Erythrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Whole blood of sheep was supplied by the Veterinary Faculty (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia) in Alsever’s medium (pH 6.1) and used within 1 week. Erythrocytes were isolated via centrifugation (2500 rpm/10 min) and washed 3 times with PBS buffer. Plasma was used for stability study purposes. For the preparation of empty EMVs, 3 mL of 20 vol.% of erythrocytes in PBS buffer was centrifuged (model 5804 Eppendorf) at 8000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was discarded, and the pellet was redispersed with 0.1× PBS, incubated for 20 min at 4 °C to release the hemoglobin and centrifuged at 8000 rpm. The supernatant was discarded. The incubation–centrifugation step was repeated until the supernatant was clear and only a white pellet of cell membranes remained. As prepared, empty EMVs were then redispersed in 1 mL of 30 μg/mL dye in 1× PBS and incubated at room temperature for 15 min. Afterward, the samples were homogenized using an ultrasound finger (ultrasonic processor Sonics Vibra cell VC-505; pulses: 1 s on, 1 s off; 20% amplitude). To reduce the particle size, samples were extruded at 37 °C through 800 nm (5 cycles) and 200 nm (15 cycles) membrane filters. EMVs were left to anneal for 2 h at room temperature and stored at 4 °C for further experiments.

Della Pelle G., Delgado López A., Salord Fiol M, & Kostevšek N. (2021). Cyanine Dyes for Photo-Thermal Therapy: A Comparison of Synthetic Liposomes and Natural Erythrocyte-Based Carriers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(13), 6914.

9

Electrospinning and Electrospraying for Catalytic Membranes

Boaretti C., Roso M., Modesti M, & Lorenzetti A. (2023). Ultrasound-Promoted Abatement of Formaldehyde in Liquid Phase with Electrospun Nanostructured Membranes: The Synergy of Combined AOPs. Nanomaterials, 13(3), 435.